/* Let's practice with Strings and built-in String functions provided
 * in the java.lang.String library.
 */
public class StringFun
{
  public static void main(String [] args)
  {
    // Create strings.
    String s1 = "dog";
    String s2 = "house";

    System.out.println (s2);             // Output:  ________________________

    // Let's investigate charAt().
    char c = s2.charAt(2);
    System.out.println(c);               // Output:  ________________________

    // Comparing 2 strings.
    String s3 = new String("Dog");
    boolean areEqual = s1.equals(s3);
    System.out.println(areEqual);        // Output:  ________________________

    areEqual = s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s3);
    System.out.println(areEqual);        // Output:  ________________________

    boolean isLessThan = s1.compareTo(s2) < 0;
    System.out.println(isLessThan);      // Output:  ________________________

    // startsWith() and endsWith() are analogous.
    String s4 = new String("Happy");
    boolean begin = s4.startsWith("ha");
    System.out.println(begin);           // Output:  ________________________

    boolean isAdverb = s4.endsWith("ly");
    System.out.println(isAdverb);        // Output:  ________________________

    System.out.println(s4.length());     // Output:  ________________________

    int locationT = s4.indexOf('t');
    System.out.println(locationT);       // Output:  ________________________

    // Some searching functions:  indexOf(), lastIndexOf() and substring()
    String s5 = new String("Down came a jumbuck to drink beside" +
                               " the billabong");
    System.out.println(s5.length());     // Output:  ________________________

    System.out.println(s5.substring(5,9));  // Output:  ____________________

    int firstE = s5.indexOf('e');
    int lastE = s5.lastIndexOf('e');
    System.out.println(firstE);          // Output:  ________________________

    System.out.println(lastE);           // Output:  ________________________

    // Note that replace() doesn't change the receiver object.
    String s6 = s2.replace('h', 'm');
    System.out.println(s2 + s6);         // Output:  ________________________

    // Let's put strings together using the + operator.
    s1 = "dog";
    s2 = "house";
    s3 = s1 + 8 + s2;
    System.out.println(s3);              // Output:  ________________________

    s5 = s5.replace('a','A').replace('e','E');
    System.out.println(s5);              // Describe what s5 looks like now.
    
    
    // "Tokenize" when we know the exact location of tokens.
    String s7 = String.format("%-20s %6d %4.2f", "Caine Mutiny", 179325, 7.8);
    String title = s7.substring(0, 20);
    int frames = Integer.parseInt(s7.substring(21, 27).trim());
    double score = Double.parseDouble(s7.substring(28, 32).trim());
    
    System.out.printf("%s\n", s7);       // Output:  ________________________
    
    System.out.printf("%s\n", title);   // Output:  ________________________
    
    System.out.printf("%d\n", frames);  // Output:  ________________________
    
    System.out.printf("%4.2f\n", score);// Output:  ________________________
  }
}